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''Türkmenistan'' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 8px;" | Flag of Turkmenistan Emblem of Turkmenistan..."

2026-09-10T17:09:47Z

Created page with "{| class="wikitable float-right" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" |+ style="font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #f2f2f2; padding: 5px;" | Turkmenistan ''Türkmenistan'' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 8px;" | 120px|border|Flag of Turkmenistan 85px|Emblem of Turkmenistan..."

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{| class="wikitable float-right" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;"
|+ style="font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #f2f2f2; padding: 5px;" | Turkmenistan ''Türkmenistan''
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 8px;" | [[File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|120px|border|Flag of Turkmenistan]] [[File:Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg|85px|Emblem of Turkmenistan]]
|-
! Capital
| [[Ashgabat]]
|-
! Largest city
| [[Ashgabat]]
|-
! Official language
| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]
|-
! Government
| [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[presidential system|presidential republic]]
|-
! President
| [[Serdar Berdimuhamedov]]
|-
! Area
| 491,210 km2 (189,660 sq mi)
|-
! Population (est.)
| 7,050,000
|-
! Currency
| [[Turkmenistan manat]] (TMT)
|-
! Time zone
| [[UTC+05:00]] (TMT)
|-
! Calling code
| +993
|-
! Internet TLD
| .tm
|}

'''Turkmenistan''' ({{lang-tk|Türkmenistan}}), also known as '''Turkmenia''', is a landlocked country in Central Asia. It is bordered by [[Kazakhstan]] to the northwest, [[Uzbekistan]] to the north, east, and northeast, [[Afghanistan]] to the southeast, [[Iran]] to the south and southwest, and the [[Caspian Sea]] to the west. Its capital and largest city is [[Ashgabat]].

Turkmenistan possesses the world's fourth-largest reserves of natural gas. Most of the country is covered by the [[Karakum Desert]] (Black Sand Desert). Since gaining independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Turkmenistan has maintained a policy of permanent neutrality, which was officially recognized by the United Nations in 1995.

== History ==
=== Ancient and Medieval Era ===
The region of Turkmenistan has a long inhabited history along the ancient [[Silk Road]]. Important historical centers include [[Merv]], one of the greatest oasis cities of the medieval Islamic world and a major cultural and commercial hub. In the 11th century, the [[Seljuk Empire]] emerged from the Turkmen tribes, eventually spanning from Central Asia to Anatolia.

=== Russian Imperial Rule and USSR ===
In the late 19th century, the Russian Empire incorporated the Turkmen territories after the Siege of [[Geok Tepe]] (1881). Following the Russian Revolution, the territory became part of the Soviet Union, established as the [[Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic|Turkmen SSR]] in 1924. Turkmenistan declared its independence on 27 October 1991.

== Geography ==
Spanning 491,210 square kilometers, Turkmenistan is the 52nd-largest country in the world. Approximately 80% of the land area is covered by the [[Karakum Desert]]. The [[Kopet Dag]] mountain range runs along its southern border with Iran. A notable geographical feature is the [[Darvaza gas crater]] (popularly known as the "Door to Hell"), a burning natural gas field in the middle of the desert.

=== Climate ===
Turkmenistan features a subtropical desert climate with extremely hot summers and short, cold winters. Rainfall is minimal across most of the nation, with highest precipitation occurring in the Kopet Dag mountain range.

== Economy ==
Turkmenistan's economy is heavily dependent on intensive agriculture and the extraction and export of natural gas and petroleum. The country contains the massive [[Galkynysh Gas Field]], one of the largest natural gas deposits in the world. Key agricultural outputs include cotton and wheat, heavily supported by irrigation from the [[Karakum Canal]].

== Demographics ==
* **Population:** ~7 million inhabitants.
* **Ethnic groups:** [[Turkmens]] (approx. 85%), followed by [[Uzbeks]], [[Russians in Turkmenistan|Russians]], and [[Kazakhs]].
* **Religions:** Predominantly [[Islam]] (approx. 89–93%, primarily Sunni) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] (~6%).
* **Languages:** Turkmen is the official state language; Russian remains widely spoken in urban areas and for interethnic communications.

== See also ==

== References ==
<references />

Turkmenistan - Revision history